A high-resolution emission inventory for eastern China in 2000 and three scenarios for 2020

We develop a source-specific high-resolution emission inventory for the Shandong region of eastern China for 2000 and 2020. Our emission estimates for year 2000 are higher than other studies for most pollutants, due to our inclusion of rural coal consumption, which is significant but often underestimated. Still, our inventory evaluation suggests that we likely underestimate actual emissions. We project that emissions will increase greatly from 2000 to 2020 if no additional emission controls are implemented. As a result, PM2.5 concentrations will increase; however O3 concentrations will decrease in most areas due to increased NOx emissions and VOC-limited O3 chemistry. Taking Zaozhuang Municipality in this region as a case study, we examine possible changes in emissions in 2020 given projected growth in energy consumption with no additional controls utilized (BAU), with adoption of best available end-of-pipe controls (BACT), and with advanced, low-emission coal gasification technologies (ACGT) which are capable of gasifying the high-sulfur coal that is abundant in China. Emissions of NH3 are projected to be 20% higher, NMVOC 50% higher, and all other species 130–250% higher in 2020 BAU than in 2000. Both alternative 2020 emission scenarios would reduce emissions relative to BAU. Adoption of ACGT, which meets only 24% of energy service demand in Zaozhuang in 2020 would reduce emissions more than BACT with 100% penetration. In addition, coal gasification technologies create an opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by capturing and sequestering CO2 emissions below ground. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keyword: Air pollution; Particulate matter; CO2; Energy technology; Coal e front matter r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. mosenv.2005.06.051 ing authors. Tel.: (202) 4739036; fax: (202) 4738110. esses: [email protected] (X. Wang), [email protected] (D.L. Mauzerall). The World Bank, Mail Stop # H3-307, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA : Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM), 101 Merrimac St. 10th Floor, Boston, SA